The direction of a ray at a point in space shows the direction in which the waves energy is travelling at that place. These basic concepts will help us in the study of some of the optical phenomena in nature. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon, but other waves such as sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. For example, if sunlight hits ice or water, the picture looks like this. Ripple tank demonstrations are commonly done in a physics class in order to discuss the principles underlying the reflection, refraction, and diffraction of waves. Refraction is the bending of a light or sound wave, or the way the light bends when entering the eye to form an image on the retina.
These notes are prepared by our panel of highly experienced teachers keeping in mind the level of preparation needed by. Rainbow, mirage a few reallife examples of refraction. Light rays change direction when they reflect off a surface, move from one transparent medium into another, or travel through a medium whose composition is continuously changing. Refraction, in physics, the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10. Another important case in which sound waves bend or spread out is called refraction. Light refraction article about light refraction by the. Dispersion physics synonyms, dispersion physics pronunciation, dispersion physics translation, english dictionary definition of dispersion physics. And now we can just multiply both sides of this equation by c and we get the form of snells law that some books will show you, which is the refraction index for the slower medium, or for the second medium, the one that were entering, times the index of the sin of the index of refraction is equal to the refraction index for the first medium. The two indices of refraction are equal only in the direction of an optic axis. Light waves change speed when they pass across the boundary between two substances with a different density, such as air and glass. Experiments show that refraction of light occurs according to certain laws. Physics reflection and refraction the naturalartificial agent that kindles sight and makes things visible is known as light.
Ocular refraction definition of ocular refraction by the. The refractive index of a material is a measure of the change in the speed of light as it passes from a vacuum or. Photometry is a branch measurement of light energy. Refraction definition is deflection from a straight path undergone by a light ray or energy wave in passing obliquely from one medium such as air into another such as glass in which its velocity is different. This is not quite true, and, if you spend a little while looking up densities and refractive indices of substances in, for example, the crc handbook of physics and. Refraction is a phenomenon that is exhibited by wave when it travels from one medium to another. This scattering is caused by the interaction of light with small particles, even atoms or molecules, within the material. In physics, refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium. Refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another or from a gradual change in the medium refraction of light is one of the most usually observed phenomena which includes refraction of light through prism, but other waves like sound waves and water waves also experience refraction. Refraction is always accompanied by a wavelength and speed change. Get notes for class 10 science chapter 10 light reflection and refraction. Refraction definition of refraction by the free dictionary. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A ray is incident on mirror m1 at an angle 65 to the normal.
Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and. The refractive index n of an optical medium is defined as the ratio of the speed of light in vacuum, c 299 792 458 ms, and the phase velocity v of light in the medium. The ray nature of light is used to explain how light refracts at planar and curved surfaces. Light reflection and refraction class 10 notes are prepared strictly according to the latest ncert syllabus on the guidelines by cbse. Reflection and refraction equations for predicting lights. Physics notes for class 12 chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments light light is a form of energy eyes. Worksheets are synchronized to readings from the physics classroom tutorial and to sublevels of the minds on physics internet modules. Preface this book provides an introduction to the eld of optics from a physics perspective. Refractive index, also called index of refraction, measure of the bending of a ray of light when passing from one medium into another. Refraction dictionary definition refraction defined.
Refraction of light laws of refraction refractive index. Produced by physics group, university of cape coast, as part of a delphe funded project incident ray refracted ray. An interface is the boundary between two different media or two regions of a medium with different characteristics such as density which is often related to temperature concentration of solute salinity, for example mechanical stress. This causes them to change direction, an effect called refraction. Although huygens showed around 1678 that these phenomena could also be explained by a wave theory, it was the crucial experiments in the nineteenth. Apr 25, 2015 total internal reflection of light and critical angle of refraction physics duration.
Navy supplement to the dod dictionary of military and associated terms pdf. Light reflection and refraction class 10 notes vidyakul. Physics refraction of light through a prism tutorialspoint. Tippens, professor of physics southern polytechnic state university a powerpoint presentation by. Light and electromagnetic waves a ray of light strikes the surface of a pond at an angle of to the vertical.
This law was discovered in 1621 by the dutch astronomer and mathematician willebrord snell also. Refraction is due to change in the speed of light as it enters from one transparent medium to another. Reflection this area of physics is frequently considered to be easy and straightforward, this is because. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light, but also includes a brief intro. Light, normally, travel along the straightline paths in a transparent medium. Class 10 science chapter 10 light reflection and refraction. Notes for class 10 science physics chapter 10 light reflection and refraction download in pdf chapter 10 light reflection and refraction notes download in pdf which has explanation of light reflection and refraction, light reflection and refraction class 10, light reflection and refraction class 10 notes, reflection and refraction of light. Physics the change in direction of a propagating wave, such as light or sound, in passing from one medium to another in which it has a different velocity 2. Find detailed explanation to all concepts of light for class 10. The index of refraction for the ordinary ray is independent of direction. Chapter 10 light reflection and refraction notes download in pdf which has explanation of light reflection and refraction, light reflection and refraction class 10, light reflection and refraction class 10 notes, reflection and refraction of light. The law of reflection states that, on reflection from a smooth surface, the angle of the reflected ray is equal to the angle of the incident ray.
Refraction is seen most often when a wave passes from one medium to a different medium. Real images can be formed on a screen and can be seen with the eyes. The light may be reflected back from the surface, transmitted through the material in which case it will deviate from its initial direction, a process known as refraction or absorbed by the material if it is not transparent at the. Refraction is the bending of light or any electromagnetic wave when entering a different medium.
Light travels faster in a vacuum than it does in any other medium. A line drawn in the direction of propagation of light is called a ray of light. Physics refraction of light through a prism prism is a triangular glass, which has two triangular bases and three rectangular lateral surfaces as shown in the image given below. Refraction is the change in direction of a wave, caused by the change in the waves speed. The speed of light is determined by the medium material through which the light is travelling. Diffraction is the bending of waves around obstacles and openings. The refraction of light when it passes from a fast medium to a slow medium bends the light ray toward the normal to the boundary between the two media. If an ocean wave approaches a beach obliquely, the part of the wave farther from the beach will move faster. If i is the angle of incidence of a ray in vacuum angle between the incoming ray and the perpendicular to the surface of a medium, called the normal and r is the. Using the equations for calculating reflection and refraction, you can predict where rays encountering a surface will go whether they reflect or refract bounce off the surface or bend through it which is an important concept in the study of optics. Reflection and refraction when light hits a surface, one or more of three things may happen. Refraction and lenses the following downloadable pdf files represent a collection of classroomready worksheets pertaining to the topic of refraction and lenses. Physics reflection and refraction of waves duration. Click to read the comprehensive a level physics revision notes.
We shall try to understand in this chapter the reflection of light by spherical mirrors and refraction of light and their application in real life situations. Describe the phenomenon of dispersion and its explanation in terms of refractive index and the wave model of light. Physics what is refractive index refraction part 7. Determination of the refractive index of a glass block using. Refraction definition of refraction by medical dictionary. Snells law and refraction principles are used to explain a variety of realworld phenomena. Apr 09, 2020 refraction, in physics, the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another caused by its change in speed. In this chapter, we consider the phenomena of reflection, refraction and dispersion of. Sunrise and sunset is a result of atmospheric refraction. Light refraction article about light refraction by the free. To understand the terms reflection and refraction of all waves when we look in a mirror, why is it that the image we see is as we expect. Prism and rainbow formation are the examples of refraction of light. Refraction light waves ks3 physics revision bbc bitesize. An interface is the boundary between two different media or two regions of a medium with different characteristics such as density which is often related to temperature.
Snells law, in optics, a relationship between the path taken by a ray of light in crossing the boundary or surface of separation between two contacting substances and the refractive index of each. A mirror is the most common example of specular light reflection. For example, waves in deep water travel faster than in shallow. Chapter 35 refraction a powerpoint presentation by paul e. Refraction simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The frequency of light does not change as it refracts. Waves including sound and light can be reflected at the boundary between two different materials. Aug 18, 2017 this video is part of refraction series for students studying in class 9 and 10 in cbsencert and other state boards. Refraction is seen most often when a wave passes from one transparent medium to another transparent medium. Refraction is the change of direction of wave that occurs when its speed changes.
Refraction diffraction involves the bending or spreading out of a sound wave in a single medium, in which the speed of sound is constant. Refraction is the change in direction of a wave caused by a change in wave speed. Refraction is the bending of a wave when it enters a medium where its speed is different. Reflection and refraction 17 be scattered away from its original direction figure 2. This video is part of refraction series for students studying in class 9 and 10 in cbsencert and other state boards. As the waves encounter obstacles in their path, their behavior can be observed by watching the movement of the dark and bright spots on the sheet of paper. Reflection and refraction are two processes that change the direction light travels. The frequency stays the same, so the wavelength must change. Here n 1 and n 2 are the indices of refraction for medium 1 and 2, and. Refraction is a physical phenomenon that occurs every time a wave, such as light. Play with prisms of different shapes and make rainbows. Examples of waves include sound waves and light waves. Refractive index refraction of light higher physics.
Explore bending of light between two media with different indices of refraction. See how changing from air to water to glass changes the bending angle. Reflection and refraction physics metropolia confluence. The index of refraction for the ordinary ray is constant and is independent of direction. The index of refraction for the extraordinary ray is a continuous function of direction. The exact mathematical relationship is the law of refraction, or snells law, which is stated in equation form as n 1 sin. Refraction of light is the change in direction of a light ray when it travels from one medium to another. Suppose now a ray of light passes from a medium lucite with index of refraction n. Determination of the refractive index of a glass block. In physics, refraction is the change in direction of a wave passing from one medium to another. Refraction definition of refraction by merriamwebster. The phase velocity is the speed at which the crests or the phase of the wave moves, which may be different from the group velocity, the speed at which the pulse of light or the envelope of the wave moves. For manual work, the doflimits are usually indicated on the. When light is travelling obliquely from one medium to another, then the direction of propagation of light changes in the second medium, the phenomenon is known as refraction of light in the image a given below, because of refraction in a glass of water, the image is flipped.
Characteristics of light light waves are electromagnetic waves, whose nature is transverse. Total internal reflection of light and critical angle of refraction physics duration. And snells law just tells us the ratio between v2 and the sin remember soh cah toa, basic trig function and the sin of the angle of refraction is going to be equal to the ratio of v1 and the anglethe sin. Dispersion physics definition of dispersion physics. Icse solutions for class 10 physics refraction of light a. Physicsreflection and refraction flashcards quizlet. Refraction is described by snells law, which states that for a given pair of media and a wave with a single frequency, the ratio of the sines of the angle of incidence. The path is called a ray of light, and a bundle of such rays constitutes a beam of light. Definition of normal, incident ray and refracted ray. This video explains the concept of refractive index and how it is used. Light reflection and refraction notes for class 10 download pdf.
If i is the angle of incidence of a ray in vacuum angle between the incoming ray and the perpendicular to the surface of a medium, called the normal and r is the angle of refraction angle between the ray in the medium and the normal, the refractive index n is defined as the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of. We can talk about rays even without using the wave model of light. Student guide purpose to determine the refractive index of a glass block using the noparallax method. Ii the ratio of the sine of angle of incidence to the sine of angle of refraction is a constant, for the light of a given colour and for the given pair of media. When electromagnetic waves enter a different medium the speed changes. Reflection of waves reflection and refraction aqa gcse. We can define refraction as the phenomenon of bending of light when it passes from one substance to another. Cause of refraction is change in speed of light while entering a different medium. Real images are formed when rays of light that comes from an object or source meets at a point after reflection from a mirror or refraction from a lens. Refraction is the change in direction of a wave caused by a change in wave speed an interface is the boundary between two different media. Refraction is the change in direction of waves that occurs when waves travel from one medium to another.